The George Institute for Global Health sheds light on mental health struggles of trans women in India

New Delhi: Researchers from The George Institute for Global Health India with global collaborators, have highlighted the stigma and mental health challenges faced by trans women in India.

The study examines their experiences of rejection, discrimination, and social exclusion, calling for urgent action to address these issues.

The study sheds light on how stigma begins early in life—within families where trans women are often rejected, leading to a loss of self-esteem. In schools, bullying and harassment force many to drop out, leaving them without education or stable employment. Many trans women are left with limited options, often turning to begging or sex work to survive.

Healthcare discrimination also emerges as a major issue. Stories of mistreatment by hospital staff and lack of understanding from healthcare providers discourage many trans women from seeking medical help. As a result, their physical and mental health needs often go unmet. These experiences take a significant toll on mental well-being, contributing to high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts among trans women.

Researchers drew on the experiences of trans women to highlight their daily struggles. They found that the lack of acceptance from families and society affects self-esteem, leaving scars that are hard to heal. This trauma is worsened by exclusionary societal norms and policies that continue to exclude them. While resilience can protect mental health, systemic barriers often limit trans women’s ability to build it.

For such people, social support is a beacon of hope. Acceptance, education, and opportunities for employment are powerful tools that can foster resilience and promote mental well-being. However, in India, where an estimated 4.8 million transgender people live, such opportunities remain scarce.

The study also highlights the need for gender-affirming policies that promote inclusion and equity. Researchers stress the importance of creating safe spaces where trans women feel valued and respected. By doing so, society can help dismantle the structural stigma that perpetuates their struggles.

Speaking about the research, Dr. Sandhya Kanaka Yatirajula, Program Lead- Mental Health, The George Institute for Global Health India, said, “One of the most pressing revelations from the study is the lack of mental health research focusing on trans women, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India. While global studies often focus on HIV-related issues, mental health needs of transgender communities remain largely unaddressed. This research highlights the urgent need for interventions to address stigma and its impact on their lives.”

Researchers urge immediate action, including more investment in mental health research, evidence-based policies, and systemic changes to ensure transgender inclusion in every aspect of society. These steps are essential for improving the lives of trans women and achieving global equity and justice.

This significant work, published in the journal Wellcome Open Research, was authored by Dr Sandhya Kanaka Yatirajula, Dr Ankita Mukherjee, Dr. Santosh Giri, and Prof. Pallab K. Maulik from The George Institute for Global Health India, Kolkata Rista, the University of New South Wales, Imperial College London, and the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr Ankita Mukherjee, Senior Research Fellow, The George Institute for Global Health India said, “The media can play a crucial role in influencing people’s perception of transgender people. In the past media portrayals of transpersons reinforced and perpetuated stereotypes; however, in recent times a shift in media’s perception is discernible. This shift is welcome and may go a long way in reducing transphobia.”

The paper may be accessed here.